Carl Peters

Carl Peters was a German explorer, journalist and philosopher, instrumental in the founding of German East Africa and helped create the European "Scramble for Africa". Despite being vilified for cruelty to Africans and removed from office, he was later praised by Kaiser Wilhelm II and was considered a German hero by Hitler.

Ernegy Vampires

Have you ever noticed that there are certain people - co-workers, relatives, friends - who are like happiness leeches, sucking you dry of your energy with their bad vibes and, in turn, showering you with their own negativity? You know the types, they consistently bring you down with their dark outlook and petty grievances, using their own lack of self-assurance to knock down everyone else in sight, and speaking only of what's wrong, instead of what's right.

These are the ones for whom the proverbial glass is always half empty. Moreover, they are the ones who are so toxic, they not only miss the rainbow after a rainy day, but they also miss the beauty of the rainy day itself. And then they leave you covered with the detritus of their own misery.

There's no need to fall victim, however. Even though you can't always avoid such energy vampires, you can protect yourself from absorbing their bleak worldview and negativity so you can continue to embrace life without depressive interruptions.

Definition: positive energy
First, imagine positive energy as a perfect alignment of emotions, thoughts and behavior. An example would be a dinner party, surrounded by like-minded people whose intellect and conversation match your own. You feel buoyed by such connections and can let your guard down. There is no danger of being pulled into the undercurrent of jealousy, anger or resentment - only the uplifting feeling of positivity. Imagine yourself as having a protective shield surrounding you. The shield is always on, but at this moment it is on a dimmer switch and doesn't need to be activated to optimal brilliance.

In a negative energy situation - a meeting at work with lots of blame-laying and hurt feelings, or an outing with a friend who never ceases to gripe - your shield should be up, full force. This energy force of golden vibes and protective love is what you tap into when you feel the need. You may not see this protective light, but you can sense it. This also applies to your own negative "voices" - the ones that say you're not good enough, smart enough, talented enough to get the job, promotion or good life that you want. If you can't ignore those voices of self-doubt, just tell them to "be quiet." You're in control, not them - because if you give in to them, your creativity is out the window.

Bad vibe protection
You must protect yourself from drowning in the bad vibes of others so that your own subtle energy doesn't become stagnant and weigh you down. Aside from the energy shield, there are other techniques you can follow. In yoga, the word "Satnam" means "the truth within you." By surrendering to your truth, you will follow your proper life path. Repeat this word as you breathe out negativity and inhale positivity.

Absorb the loving energy instead: the unconditional love of your pet as it nestles up to you, the sweet caress of a lover, the sound of voices joining in unison in a spiritual gathering… these are all good and should be embraced. Like energy "candies" they fortify you with their joyous purity to better handle toxic encounters that may arise.

Deactivation
Use humor to alleviate dark emotions and remember to vanquish your own by freeing yourself of resentment. Identify your fears, face them, embrace them and then say goodbye to them. Trust your gut about danger and choose your actions wisely. Keep a journal that lists both the good things you've done and the amends you need to make. Then act on them.

Besides all this "feel good" advice, use common sense: Drink plenty of water, exercise regularly, commune with nature and don't spend so much time with electronic gadgets that you forget to live life for real. You'll feel centered and re-energized.

Remember, energy begets energy. This is a reflection of physiology but also describes emotions. What you put out is what you'll receive - if you're sending off enough positivity, you may then force it through the negative person's shield and wind up helping them as well. Now wouldn't that be great?

Trees planting at Rivers Songota valley

The map shows that 83% of the land surface is influenced by the one or more of the following; human population density greater than 10km square, agricultural land use, built-up areas, access with 15km of road, major rivers or coast, and nighttime light bright enough to be picked up by satellite sensors.

Most of the human activities on the earth affect the environment which is based on balance ecology.

Songota River it among the small rivers flow from the volcanic mountain, Mount Meru (4565m). The river rejoined another river as it flows towards the Maasai plains and latter turns to the Indian Ocean. South -West, South, and South –East of Mt. Meru as well as most of the mountain in East Africa which receives the wind from the Indian Ocean experience enough rainfall. The rainfall makes a crucial contribution to supporting the lush green forest the source of the catchment and several rivers.

The distribution of the people in East Africa up to 20th century was (and still is to the great extent) determined by the variables such as elevation, distribution of lakes and rivers, vegetation, and climate. For stance; the farmer communities were consecrated and still are, in the fertile soil in the high land. These communities went trough fast-growing population because the region is free from Malaria and other contagious.

The utilization of natural resource in these areas was high and still are. They to have to clear the forest to extend farms in order to increase the production for substance and for exchange, get more space for building space and building material, and for energy (firewood).

Due to these limit consideration activities, areas such as the Songota rivers valley started to erode because of trees cutting and unplanned farming systems. According to local people around the valley was characterized by unpetrateble riverine forest. Slowly people start to exploit it. Today there are no trees and grasses used to stabilize the soil such as bamboo or fig. trees.

Songota Falls Lodge is ecolodge established nearby in the valley and make the use of the falls. The management conserves and protects a small area of the valley. The conservation of this area gives an example.

The first time when I was doing bird watching in this and went down to rest at the waterfalls I was excited with the conserved area. I have been disappointed by the bare areas which started to react by eroding. I went to the lodge we discuss the matter with the owner Joyce Kimaro, the owner decides that we will arrange the trees planting in the valley.

As we were still working on the tree planting the lodge receives three clients. Brian Canadian man with his two children. Mike who is now doing research on agroforest in Kenya. And Shana a postgraduate student in Canada. Mike admires our ideal as he says he would like to participate in this event.

We decide to plant trees on 14th May 2019. Songota Falls Lodge contributes 100 trees and organizes the participation of the villagers, I myself I contribute 30 trees, Wildlife Conservation Society of Tanzania (WCST) 20 trees, and villagers apart of participating the contribute a lot of grasses which also can be used to feed their livestock on the future.

A total of 150 trees and lots of grasses were planted. The villagers promise to make a follow up of the progress of the trees. 

TANZANIA’S ECOTOURISM REVIEW.

Tanzania’s conservation and strategies have undergone significant changes since the mid-1980. During the 1990s, tourism has become the country‘s most important foreign exchange earner, and there are real efforts by some government departments and conservation.

Tourism dollars are, for the first time, providing funds to run Tanzania’s national parks and local community projects. There is optimism and conviction among TANAPA official that if local people are involve in the conservation and benefit from tourism, Tanzania’s wildlife will survive. Scatted around the country are some fine examples of private entrepreneurs running tourism projects with sensitivity for the environment and the community. But genuine ecotourism projects are few, small in scale, and often underfunded. And despite the rhetoric, the government has developed no overall tourism strategy. “Tanzania is going to kill its goose”, contends Kenya ecotourism operator Stive Tunner. “There’s effort to control tourism. I’s the biggest make-for-all I’ve ever see”.

Tanzania’s formerly president, Benjamin Mkapa, who took the office 1996, also believed that the government, not the marketplace, must economic polices and provides social services. Mkapa, who was a foreign minister and ambassador to the United State under Julius Nyerere, quickly staked out a position supporting sustainable tourism development. “We will not let our shoot term needs for money obscure our long term commitment to conserve and preservation”, Mkapa said. With a none too veiled reference to Kenya, Mkapa contended that “while others have overexploited and over-commercialized their natural resources…..we have the advantage of being able to learn from the experience of other and, therefore, avoid costly mistakes”.

The Mkapa government’s minister of natural resources and tourism, Zakia Meji, was a competent and principle former university professor who has taken several wise measure to improve conservation, tourism, and tourism revenue. One of her first moves to halt construction of new hotels in Serengeti national Park and Ngorongoro Conservation Area, while actively counting investors for the southern parks and those along the coast. In early 1998, Mejia made the controversial decision that Tanzania should sell its ivory stockpiles as part of an effort to raise funds for improving tourism facilities. Parallel with moves, however, corruption remains widespread and mkapa’s government failed to carry out most of its pledges, including a long scheduled nationwide environmental impact study and master plan.

Tourism is now viewed as Tanzania’s best hope for development, and ecotourism, loosely defined to include nature tourism lite, and genuine ecotourism, is widely hailed by government as the model Tanzania is pursuing. In terms of the definition of real ecotourism, Tanzania stacks up as follows.
1. Involves travel destinations. Tanzania rates high on this criterion. Its Northern Circuit including some of the finest and least spoiled wildlife and game parks in the world, and the government is making a concerted effort to open up to both wildlife viewing and sport hunting the largely and little vast little explored southern game parks. Along the coastline and islands such as Mafia and, most important, Zanzibar, Tanzania is viewed as a pristine alternative to Kenya’s over developed coast line. Tanzania’s tourism sector remains largely “enclave” tourism, with the game parks and islands, rather than the entire country, being marketed for ecotourism.
2. Minimizes impact. To date, damage has been done mainly in the heavily visited destinations, Kilimanjaro Nation and Ngorongoro Conservation Area. Although poaching has taken a serious toll, the negative environmental affects of nature tourism have been relatively limited. After independence, the Tanzania n government built game park that were architecturally respect full though not very environmentally sensitive in terms of conservative of freshwater, waste disposal, or staff housing. There is a recognition that no new hotels should be built inside the parks of the Northern Circuit, that hotel staff and guards must be moved outside the parks boundaries, and that only tented camps should be permitted. But there principles continuo to be bent and broken. And with a few exceptions, most notably wwf’s Mafia island project, Tanzania is pushing conventional beach tourism, based on overseas package tours, and supports no real community involvement. The fact that Tanzania’s extraordinary natural resources are largely unspoiled reflect the reality that tourist numbers are still relatively low, the number of game lodges is still small, and the parks themselves are difficult to reach. New reads, particulary paved road from Arusha into the Northern Safari Circuit, could rapidly change this, and the government, now locked into tourism as its principal source of foreign exchange, has failed to make an overall environment.
3. Builds environmental awareness. In this category, Tanzania receives high marks for education of foreign visitors but not for that of coterie of local, high- quality naturalist guides, park rangers and guards, scientists, and, on Mount Kilimanjaro, mountain guides and porters. In addition, there are now a number of private camps, lodges, and tour companies practicing solid ecotourism and giving their guests their guest highly informative tours. Some tours companies prepare visitors before hand with articles and list books. Environmental education is, however, far less widespread among Tanzanians themselves, for whom even a basic primary education is not always available, particularly in rural areas. Visiting Tanzania’s park is expensive (even with cut-rate prices for those living in the country), so domestic tourism remains low. Although the number local and international environmental organization Tanzania has grown in recent years and there is more popular awareness of environmental issue, for most Tanzanians the national parks are simply a source of foreign exchange and, for the Maasai, a source of their own exploitation.
4. Provides direct financial benefits conservation. Conservation is being benefited, but much more needs to be done. Unlike the situation in Kenya, Costa Rica, and South Africa, their vitually no private parks or reserves, so all foreigners who go on safari do so in the national parks. In the late 1990s, the government made an appropriate decision to rain park entrance fees in the northern Safari Circuit from $20 to $25 per day, while lowering them from $20 to 15 in the less visited parks in Southern Circuit in an effort to better disperse. Now entrance fees from July 2007 Serengeti National Park are $50, Kilimanjaro $60, Gombe $100, Mahale 80 and others in the Northern Circuit is $35 and Southern is $20. With the increase in tourism numbers and the hike in the entry fees, more money is coming into the national parks’ coffers. But TANAPA also faces many more demands, including several new parks to manage, the need for new or upgraded facilities and infrastructure, and necessity of training more guards and park officials. At the same time, a rising percentage of its profits are going to Community Base projects in local communities. Therefore, both TANAPA and Wildlife Division, remain severally Underfunded.
5. Provides financial benefits and empowerment for local people. There is same small, but largely positive, progress in this area. Although benefits have greatly increased, local development and ecotourism projects rarely lead to empowerment of local people. Many of the communities in Tanzania’s parks are now get tangible benefits from gate fees, tourism projects, and hunting concessions. Although this project speaks of a “partnership” with the local communities, it is an uneven and often paternalistic partnership in which rent is paid for land use but local people have no say in the way the tourist project or park is run. Financial and material benefits are, therefore, sometimes little more than bribes or buyouts. But there are some exceptions, including the Retour Project in Loliondo, the interactive negotiations between the Maasai and Dorobo and Oliver’s Camp, and some TANAPA’s Community Base projects represent an important movement from individual ecotourism projects to a national program, ma step toward moving ecotourism from a niche market to a set of principles and practices to reshape the country’s tourism and an environment impact assessment and strategy illustrate, the government remains weak and lacks consistent national planning , a clear sense of direction, and strong leadership.
6. Respect local culture. Tanzania scores poorly in this regard. Despite some efforts, much prejudice remains towards the Maasai and other pastoralists. They continue to be viewed by government officials, tour operators, and visitors as tourist attractions and sources of souvenirs. Most tourists continue to come to Tanzania to see the wildlife, not to learn about local culture or history. Little seems to have changed: dollars are exchanged for photographs or beards but there are little real interchange or understanding on either side. Now Tanzania Tourist Board which is responsible for promoting tourism create new branch Culture Tourism Program which will be responsible for promoting culture tourism. Although Tanzania’s tourism has not resulted in serious problems with prostitution or other social ills largely because the game parks are fairly isolated from population centers there is a need to develop more culturally sensitive and educational forms of interaction.
7. Supports human rights and democratic movements. Indirectly, ecotourism has did so. Tanzania, though not fully democratic, is not a dictatorship, and in recent years there has been an increase in the number of NGOs and independent community and rural organizations and in political activism. The rise of ecotourism is one of the forces giving impetus to these struggles. Some Maasai leaders, TANAPA officials, private tour operators, and local and international NGOs are trying to use ecotourism to provide both financial support and political empowerment to local people.
The Mkapa government has done disappointingly little to curb corruption, revamp basic social services such as public health and education, or building a national development strategy that incorporates the principles and practices of ecotourism. The democratic “flowering” seen around the 1996 elections remains very fragile. It is uncertain how much political leeway be given in the future grass roots democratic organizations and how much the Maasai and other living around the parks will really be included in decision making and profit sharing. Mainland activists are worried by the government’s continuing support Zanzibar’s unpopular and undemocratic leader, Salimin Amour whose the 1995 or Abed Karume (2005) election has been widely disputed. Regrettably, tourists traveling to Tanzania remain largely ignorant of the demands, desires, and aspiration of those living around the parks. Because Tanzania’s political struggles have been largely peaceful and low—key, many tourists are not aware of them and tour operators and naturalist guides rarely discuss politics urged to do so.

Transpinotat

The wonder of migratory birds (The factors which force them to migrate)

Birds are migrating from Europe and Asia to Africa and vice verse.
The movement of birds between parliactic (America & Europe) and Ethiopia (Southern Sahara), Oriental and Ethiopia or Parliactic and Oriental is due to
• Climate Changes
• Time Change
• Food Change

Climate Changes
Winter is cold and makes harsh strong condition to birds. Since birds are worm blood can not with stand such harsh condition so they migrate to tropical worm climate (Ethiopian Region).

Time Change
In winter days are shorter and cold so birds have limited time to eat sufficiently instead they spend much time without moving; that why they have to tropical worm climate.
Food Change (Short food Supply)
In winter field are covered by snow, so seed get covered by snow as well as insect, amphibian and other small mammals go hibernation. This situation is enough to make birds migrate from Parleactic and Oriental to Ethiopian regions where it is worm, long day and food supply is constant

Afrika is a most wonderful country, Dr.Livingstone

Africa is a most wonderful country for appetites and it is only when one gloats over marrow bones or elephant feet that indigestion is possible. No doubt much toil is involved and fatigue of which travelers in the more temperate climes can form but a faith conception. But the sweat of one’s brow is no longer a curse when one works for God. It proves a tonic to the system and is actually a blessing. No one can truly appreciate the Cham of repose unless he has undergone severe exertion.